What is UNIX user?

UNIX is a multi-user operating system: that is a suite of programs which run a computer and allows interface to the hardware and software available. It allows many users to share a powerful machine and all the available resources, each user running their own processes simultaneously.

How does UNIX protect passwords?

UNIX password encryption uses the DES algorithm 25 times in a row. The first DES round uses 64 0-bits as input and encrypts them with the password the user inputs, with a permutation taking place during the encryption process. There are 4096 possible permutations. The permutation used is randomly chosen for each user.

How does Linux encrypt passwords?

Most Unicies (and Linux is no exception) primarily use a one-way encryption algorithm, called DES (Data Encryption Standard) to encrypt your passwords. This encrypted password is then stored in (typically) /etc/passwd (or less commonly) /etc/shadow.

What is the purpose of single sign-on?

Single sign-on (SSO) is an authentication method that enables users to securely authenticate with multiple applications and websites by using just one set of credentials.

Is Linux a multi user operating system?

GNU/Linux is also a multi-user OS. The more users, the more memory is required and the slower the machine will respond, but if no one is running a program that hogs the processor they can all work at an acceptable speed.

How many types of permissions are available in UNIX?

File Permission Modes

Octal Value	File Permissions Set	Permissions Description
1	–x	Execute permission only
2	-w-	Write permission only
3	-wx	Write and execute permissions
4	r–	Read permission only

What is stored in the password file of UNIX system?

UNIX uses the /etc/passwd file to keep track of every user on the system. The /etc/passwd file contains the username, real name, identification information, and basic account information for each user. Each line in the file contains a database record; the record fields are separated by a colon (:).

What is the purpose of encrypting passwords?

Encryption scrambles your password so it’s unreadable and/or unusable by hackers. That simple step protects your password while it’s sitting in a server, and it offers more protection as your password zooms across the internet.

Where does Linux store encrypted user passwords?

/etc/shadow
A shadow password file, also known as /etc/shadow, is a system file in Linux that stores encrypted user passwords and is accessible only to the root user, preventing unauthorized users or malicious actors from breaking into the system.

What are the benefits of SSO?

7 Key Benefits of SSO Authentication:

• Gives organizations centralized control over who has access to their systems.
• Enforces better password policies.
• Eliminates password fatigue.
• Reduces the need for unsafe password management strategies.
• Lowers password-related calls to IT which saves money on IT expenditures.

What are the main advantages and disadvantages of single sign-on solutions?

Single Sign On (SSO) Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages	Disadvantages
Streamlines user access to their applications	Using a single password increases the chances of password vulnerability
Reduces the load of memorising several passwords	When SSO fails, access to all related systems is lost