Why is it more difficult to develop drugs to treat infections caused by eukaryotic microbes?

Eukaryotic microbial pathogens can exhibit drug resistance through reducing the overall intracellular concentration of the drug (less uptake, more efflux), by inactivating or failing to activate the drug, or by sequestering the drug away from its target.

Why are drugs that target eukaryotic pathogens tricky to produce find?

Because fungi and protozoa are eukaryotic, their cells are very similar to human cells, making it more difficult to develop drugs with selective toxicity. Since viruses replicate within human host cells, it is difficult to develop drugs that are selectively toxic to viruses or virus-infected cells.

Can microbes be used in vaccines?

Vaccines are made from microbes that are dead or inactive so that they are unable to cause disease. The antigen in the vaccine is the same as the antigen on the surface of the disease-causing microbe. The vaccine stimulates the body to produce antibodies against the antigen in the vaccine.

Why it is easier to develop drugs against bacteria than viruses and eukaryotes?

Selective toxicity antimicrobials are easier to develop against bacteria because they are prokaryotic cells, whereas human cells are eukaryotic.

Why are eukaryotic cells not affected by antibiotics?

b. Antibiotics are simply chemicals that kill prokaryotic cells but do not harm eukaryotic cells. They are natural chemicals produced by fungi and bacteria that act to control their bacterial competitors. For example, streptomycin stops protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells by binding to their unusual ribosomes.

Why is it necessary to safely store the pathogens of a disease against which vaccines are produced?

✔They need to be stored safely to study these things or it’s potential use in developing biological technologies which may come into play in future which cannot be predicted.

Which microorganisms are used in vaccines?

Bacterial Vaccines

Usage	Bacterium	Antigen
Common usage	Corynebacterium diphtheriae	Toxoid
Clostridium tetani	Toxoid
Bordetella pertussis	Acellular (purified proteins) or killed organisms
Haemophilus influenzae	Capsular polysaccharide conjugated to carrier protein

How do vaccines affect microbiome?

Vaccinations & Children’s Microbiome Vaccines work by showing the body the shape of a particular virus or bacteria. They essentially gently exercise the immune system and give us protection against some of the deadliest infectious diseases.

Do vaccines impact the microbiome?

Vaccination strategies, in turn could also impact gut microbiota establishment and community composition. This phenomenon may be of particular relevance in the early years of life when gut microbiota is being established and many childhood vaccines are administered.