Why are amides less reactive than ketones?

Aldehydes and ketones are the next most electrophilic. As a result, the partial positive character of the carbonyl carbon is smaller in amides than in esters, making this system less electrophilic.

Why are carboxylic acids less reactive than ketones?

As a general rule, the carbonyl carbon in an acyl group is less electrophilic than that in an aldehyde or ketone. This is because in carboxylic acid derivatives, the partial positive charge on the carbon is stabilized somewhat by resonance effects from the adjacent heteroatom.

Why are ketones and aldehydes more reactive than carboxylic acids?

Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones (chapter 17) as they are less hindered and the alkyl group in the ketone is a weak electron donor. Under the reaction condition s the carboxylic acid will deprotonate to give the carboxylate which is a very poor electrophile (after all, it has a negative charge !)

Why are more reactive than ketones towards nucleophilic addition reaction?

Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions due to steric and electronic reasons. Sterically, the presence of two relatively large substituents in ketones hinders the approach of nucleophile to carbonyl carbon than in aldehydes having only one such substituent.

Is carboxylic acid more reactive than amide?

Among the carboxylic acid derivatives, carboxylate groups are the least reactive towards nucleophilic acyl substitution, followed by amides, then carboxylic esters and carboxylic acids, thioesters, and finally acyl phosphates, which are the most reactive among the biologically relevant acyl groups.

Is a ketone or carboxylic acid more reactive?

Carboxylic acids and esters have delocalization of electrons. This provides extra stability. That’s why they are less reactive to nucleophiles than aldehyde and ketones.

Why are ketones less reactive towards nucleophiles than aldehydes?

Aldehydes are usually more reactive toward nucleophilic substitutions than ketones because of both steric and electronic effects. In ketones, however, R groups are attached to both sides of the carbonyl group. Thus, steric hindrance is less in aldehydes than in ketones.

Why are amides more reactive than carboxylic acids?

So acyl or acid chlorides are the most reactive because induction dominates. And amides are the least reactive because resonance dominates.