Which cranial nerve nuclei is are located in the Pretectal Mesencephalon?

This area is composed of several distinct cell groups, most of which are related to the visual system. The nuclei of the pretectal area include pretectal olivar nucleus, medial, anterior and posterior pretectal nuclei, and optic tract nucleus [2, 13].

Which cranial nerves are found in the Mesencephalon?

The midbrain of the brainstem has the nuclei of the oculomotor nerve (III) and trochlear nerve (IV); the pons has the nuclei of the trigeminal nerve (V), abducens nerve (VI), facial nerve (VII) and vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII); and the medulla has the nuclei of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X).

Where is the cranial nerve III located?

midbrain
CN III starts in the midbrain. It travels through many structures in your head until it reaches the back of your eyes. Its course includes: Exiting the front of the midbrain.

Which cranial nerve nuclei are located in the medulla?

The nuclei of cranial nerves XII, X, IX, and part of VIII are located in the medulla, and the motor neurons of nerve XI are found in the cervical spinal cord. Part of the trigeminal complex, the spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus, is also found in the lateral medulla adjacent to the anterolateral system.

What are Pretectal nuclei?

The pretectum is a bilateral group of highly interconnected nuclei located near the junction of the midbrain and forebrain. The pretectum is generally classified as a midbrain structure, although because of its proximity to the forebrain it is sometimes classified as part of the caudal diencephalon (forebrain).

Where is the Olivary Pretectal nucleus?

The pretectal complex is part of the subcortical visual system located in the midbrain. It is divided into five nuclei [1], among which is the olivary pretectal nucleus (OPN). The OPN receives dense retinal innervation [2], [3] and is the first nucleus in the arch of the pupillary light reflex [4].

Is the mesencephalon part of the brainstem?

The human brainstem emerges from two of the three primary brain vesicles formed of the neural tube. The mesencephalon is the second of the three primary vesicles, and does not further differentiate into a secondary brain vesicle. This will become the midbrain.

What is mesencephalon made up of?

midbrain, also called mesencephalon, region of the developing vertebrate brain that is composed of the tectum and tegmentum. It is located within the brainstem and between the two other developmental regions of the brain, the forebrain and the hindbrain; compared with those regions, the midbrain is relatively small.

What are the nuclei of oculomotor nerve?

The oculomotor nucleus is found at the level of the superior colliculus. It contains the somatic efferent fibers that control the medial rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, inferior oblique, and the striated muscle in the levator palpebrae superioris. The oculomotor nucleus is split up into multiple subnuclei.

Which extraocular muscles are innervated by CN III?

The CN III innervates the levator palpebrae superioris, the superior rectus muscle, the inferior rectus muscle, the medial rectus muscle, the inferior oblique muscle, the sphincter pupillae, and the ciliary muscle.

What are the cranial nerve nuclei?

The cranial nerve nuclei are a series of bilateral grey matter motor and sensory nuclei located in the midbrain, pons and medulla that are the collections of afferent and efferent cell bodies for many of the cranial nerves. Some nuclei are small and contribute to a single cranial nerve, such as some of th motor nuclei.

What are the three groups of nuclei in the medulla oblongata?

The respiratory center is a complex group of nuclei located within the pons and medulla oblongata. It consists of three parts: the dorsal respiratory group, ventral respiratory group and pneumotaxic center.