What are two ways in which a fluid can flow?

Fluid can be viscous (pours slowly) or non-viscous (pours easily). Fluid flow can be rotational or irrotational. Irrotational means it travels in straight lines; rotational means it swirls. For most of the rest of the chapter, we’ll focus on irrotational, incompressible, steady streamline non-viscous flow.

What is used to combine or split a fluid flow?

A tee, the most common pipe fitting, is used to combine or divide fluid flow.

What are the three factors that influence fluid movement in a pipe?

Flow patterns in a fluid (gas or liquid) depend on three factors: the characteristics of the fluid, the speed of flow, and the shape of the solid surface. Three characteristics of the fluid are of special importance: viscosity, density, and compressibility.

In what way does the flow through a rough pipe differ from that in smooth pipe?

A smooth pipe provides a faster flow and lesser pressure drop since its corrosion is much lesser than that of a rough pipe. Anyway the choice of pipe depends on the purpose of process, flowing liquids, chemical reactions, piping structures, viscosity and density of fluids.

How do you connect two water pipes together?

One inexpensive method of connecting ABS to PVC drainpipes is to use male and female fittings. Apply pipe thread tape before screwing them together, and then glue the pipes into the fittings using the proper cement. Arrange the fittings so the water flows past the threads on the male fitting, not into them.

What is the physical difference between laminar and turbulent flow?

Laminar Flow: the flow of a fluid when each particle of the fluid follows a smooth path, paths which never interfere with one another. One result of laminar flow is that the velocity of the fluid is constant at any point in the fluid. Turbulent Flow: irregular flow that is characterized by tiny whirlpool regions.

What happens to pressure when flow is restricted?

If the fluid is a liquid, a different type of limiting condition (also known as choked flow) occurs when the venturi effect acting on the liquid flow through the restriction causes a decrease of the liquid pressure beyond the restriction to below that of the liquid’s vapor pressure at the prevailing liquid temperature.

How does pipe roughness affect flow pumping power?

Increase in surface roughness cause much more frictional energy lost in turbulent flows. Much more energy losts due to flow friction means much pump power required to drive the same flow rate inside pipe or a reduction in flow rate will occur over the time in case the same pump runs.

Can pipes be actually really that smooth?

Perfectly smooth surfaces do not exist (Taylor et al., 2006). Hydraulically smooth regime does not occur only in absence of the roughness (i.e. only when ε/D=0). This means that smooth regime can occur even if the relative roughness exists (if it is minor, i.e. if ε/D→0).

Why is one pump twice as strong as the other?

In your question, “Twice as strong as the other”, is not meaningful because it is a complex relationship of output pressure (head) and output flow. If you have the pump curve for both pumps and the minor and major losses you can solve for a flow direction, total flow, pressures, etc.

How does a pump affect the flow rate of fluid?

The first is inaccurate. Due to conservation of mass, fluid flowing into a pipe on one end will be equal to the flow out the other end. While the pump will make the fluid flow faster, the reality is the pump imparts energy on the flow, until the added pressure loss from the higher flow rate is equal to the added energy.

What happens to the fluid when it enters the pipe?

The velocity at the wall is zero and fastest at the center. This means the central core of the fluid exits the pipe first. Because of friction caused by the pipe wall the fluid moves slower near the wall. This slow moving fluid is known as the laminar sublayer. In this layer the fluid slides over itself.

How does the third side of a water pump connector work?

The third side of the connector runs into a collector without any resistance (other than that of the length of tubing). If each pump runs at a different rate, say one is twice as strong as the other, do I run any risk of any backing up into the weaker pump?