When was the smart polymer invented?

1981
When a smart polymer is cross-linked to form a gel, it will collapse and reswell in water as a stimulus raises or lowers it through its critical condition. PNIPAAm hydrogels have been extensively studied, starting with the pioneering work of Toyoichi Tanaka in 1981 (Tanaka, 1981).

What is smart polymers made from?

SIS polymers can be synthetic [poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and methylmethacrylates polymers] (Figure 1) or natural (alginate, chitosan, and κ-carrageenan 2, 3), or a combination of both [collagen-acrylate and poly(polyethylene glycol-co-peptides)] [1].

What are polymers and where can they be found?

Polymers are both found in nature and manufactured in laboratories. Natural polymers were used for their chemical properties long before they were understood in the chemistry laboratory: Wool, leather, and flax were processed into fibers to make clothing; animal bone was boiled down to make glues.

What are polymers and how are they formed?

When many molecules of a simple compound join together, the product is termed a polymer and the process polymerization. The simple compounds whose molecules join together to form the polymers are called monomers. The polymer is a chain of atoms, providing a backbone, to which atoms or groups of atoms are joined.

Who Discovered smart materials?

The Curie brothers discovered the piezoelectricity of minerals like this in 1880. In the late 1940s a robust piezoelectric ceramic material called barium titanate was discovered, and it became used as a sensor of mechanical vibrations in sonar devices.

Where do smart materials come from?

Smart materials, also called intelligent or responsive materials, are designed materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, moisture, electric or magnetic fields, light, temperature, pH, or chemical compounds.

What is a smart polymer GCSE?

Smart materials are materials that have properties which change reversibly, ie can change easily but can then easily change back, depending on changes in their surroundings.

What are smartsmart polymers?

Smart polymers or stimuli-responsive polymers are high-performance polymers that change according to the environment they are in.

What have we learned about polymers since they were discovered?

There have been lots of amazing discoveries about polymers since then. For example, even more recently, conductive polymers were discovered – again, at the time, it was difficult for people to believe that an organic material like a polymer could be conductive like a metal, but it’s true! Polymers have found even more uses than you could imagine.

What is smart polymer shape change?

Within smart polymers, there are the SCPs, sol hydrogels, for which, after their fabrication, the shape change can only occur between a fixed number of equilibrium shapes (often two) such as swelling and deswelling. This behavior indicates a nonprogrammable shape changing behavior.

What areresponsive polymers?

Responsive polymers belong to the class of smart materials capable of producing detectable responses under the effects of external stimuli. When properly understood and quantified, such a molecular-scale response can be conveniently exploited in various ways to obtain responsiveness at the meso- and macroscale.

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