What is Von Kármán cloud?

Named after Theodore von Kármán, a co-founder of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and one of the first scientists to describe this type of atmospheric phenomenon, these beautiful cloud formations typically occur when the prevailing wind is diverted by elevated land features such as islands, mountaintops, or volcanoes.

What is von Kármán vortex trail?

A double trail of vortices formed alternately on both sides of a cylinder or a similar body moving at right angles to its axis through a fluid, with the vortices in one row rotating in a direction opposite to that of the other row. This is named after Theodore Von Karman (1881–1963).

What is Kármán universal constant in turbulent flows?

The Kármán constant is often used in turbulence modeling, for instance in boundary-layer meteorology to calculate fluxes of momentum, heat and moisture from the atmosphere to the land surface. It is considered to be a universal (κ ≈ 0.40).

What is a Karman vortex air flow sensor?

A Kármán vortex sensor works by disrupting the air stream with a perpendicular bow. Providing that the incoming flow is laminar, the wake consists of an oscillatory pattern of Kármán vortices. The frequency of the resulting pattern is proportional to the air velocity.

What is the momentum integral equation?

Equation (29.14) is known as momentum integral equation for two dimensional incompressible laminar boundary layer. Needless to say, the wall shear stress will be different for laminar and turbulent flows. The term signifies space-wise acceleration of the free stream.

What are boundary layer equations?

The boundary layer equations for an incompressible fluid are conceptually similar to a reaction diffusion equation. They describe the interaction between the creation of vorticity at a wall, its diffusion and its transport. The creation process is more interesting than in a reaction-diffusion equation.