What is polymer additive manufacturing?

Additive manufacturing (AM) describes the technologies used to create 3D objects by incorporating layers of material. With the rapidly growing technology, components used in additive manufacturing range from the classic polymers, metals, ceramics, and glass, to the biochemical materials used in medicine and food.

What are 4 examples of polymers?

Fully synthetic polymers include:

• Bakelite, the first synthetic plastic.
• Neoprene (a manufactured form of rubber)
• Nylon, polyester, rayon (manufactured forms of silk)
• Polyethylene (plastic bags and storage containers)
• Polystyrene (packing peanuts and Styrofoam cups)
• Teflon.
• Epoxy resins.
• Silicone.

What are some polymer products?

Product made from polymers are all around us: clothing made from synthetic fibers, polyethylene cups, fiberglass, nylon bearings, plastic bags, polymer-based paints, epoxy glue, polyurethane foam cushion, silicone heart valves, and Teflon-coated cookware. The list is almost endless.

Why are additives used in polymers?

Additives are chemicals added to the base polymer to improve processability, prolong the life span, and/or achieve the desired physical or chemical properties in the final product. Once the additives are added, the polymer blend is referred to as a masterbatch and is processed accordingly.

Which additives are used in the production of PVC?

Formulating PVC Products The essential additives for all PVC materials are stabilisers and lubricants; in the case of flexible PVC, plasticisers are also incorporated. Other additives which may be used include fillers, processing aids, impact modifiers and pigments.

What are the different types of additive manufacturing?

Types of Additive Manufacturing Processes

• Binder Jetting. Binder jetting, also known as material jetting or inkjet powder printing, is among the most common additive manufacturing types.
• Directed Energy Deposition (DED)
• Material Extrusion.
• Powder Bed Fusion (PBF)
• Sheet Lamination.
• Vat Polymerization.
• Material Jetting.

What is additive manufacturing process?

Additive manufacturing is the process of applying 3D-printing to industrial production that allows materials to be created without joints and with minimal post-processing. Multiple materials can be used during this process, which makes it easy to create new products with minimal waste and lower materials costs.

What is polymeric material?

Polymers are materials made of long, repeating chains of molecules. The materials have unique properties, depending on the type of molecules being bonded and how they are bonded. Some polymers bend and stretch, like rubber and polyester. The term polymer is often used to describe plastics, which are synthetic polymers.

What is one example of a polymer?

Examples of synthetic polymers include nylon, polyethylene, polyester, Teflon, and epoxy. Natural polymers occur in nature and can be extracted. They are often water-based. Examples of naturally occurring polymers are silk, wool, DNA, cellulose and proteins.

What are the four additives when recycling a plastic?

To deliver what the customer is asking for, recyclers can use additives such as peroxides, antioxidants, chain extenders, elastomers, colorants, performance modifiers and nucleators to restore diminished properties or to compensate for undesirable attributes.

What are the five types of polymer additives?

The most common polymer additives are stabilizers, plasticizers, lubricants and flame retardants . Stabilizers are added to prolong the useful life of a polymer formulation by protecting it from thermal and light-assisted oxidation.

What are the types of additive manufacturing?

The most common types of additive manufacturing technology used to process those raw materials include inkjets, aerosol jetting, electron beam melting (EBM), and laser sintering.

What are the types of polymer degradation?

Types of Polymer Degradation. There are two main types of plastics degradation being researched at present: physical and chemical, and both are closely inter-connected. Physical degradation can involve environmental stress cracking and plasticiser migration and loss.

What are polymer composite materials?

Polymer Composite. A polymer composite is a multi-phase material in which reinforcing fillers are integrated with a polymer matrix, resulting in synergistic mechanical properties that cannot be achieved from either component alone [1]. From: Progress in Polymer Science , 2017.