What is FIFO in digital design?

The name FIFO stands for first in first out and means that the data written into the buffer first comes out of it first. There are other kinds of buffers like the LIFO (last in first out), often called a stack memory, and the shared memory.

Why FIFO is used in VLSI?

Input as burst data; Output as continuous data. The FIFO is used to buffer the minimum number of burst data in order to guarantee continuous reading from FIFO without interruption.

What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous FIFO?

FIFO can be either synchronous or asynchronous. The basic difference between them is that the entire operation of synchronous FIFO is entirely dependent on the clock where as the write operation and read operation of asynchronous FIFO are asynchronous to each other.

Why do we need synchronous FIFO?

Synchronous FIFOs are easier to use at high speeds because they use free-running clocks to time internal operations whereas asynchronous FIFOs require read and write pulses to be generated without an external clock reference.

How does a FIFO work?

First In, First Out, commonly known as FIFO, is an asset-management and valuation method in which assets produced or acquired first are sold, used, or disposed of first. For tax purposes, FIFO assumes that assets with the oldest costs are included in the income statement’s cost of goods sold (COGS).

What is FIFO made of?

FIFOs are widely used in logic design for buffering, queuing and management of rate, priorities and flow control in data applications. A FIFO consists of a read pointer and a write pointer, pointing to entries in a storage array typically, made of flip-flops.

What is an asynchronous FIFO?

The Asynchronous FIFO is a First-In-First-Out memory queue with control logic that performs management of the read and write pointers, generation of status flags, and optional handshake signals for interfacing with the user logic.

What are the applications of FIFO?

FIFOs are commonly used in electronic circuits for buffering and flow control between hardware and software. In its hardware form, a FIFO primarily consists of a set of read and write pointers, storage and control logic.

What are the issues with VLSI design?

VLSI Design Issues. Scaling/Moore’s Law has limits due to the physics of material. – Now L (L=20nm??) affects tx delays (speed), noise, heat (power consumption) – Scaling increases density of txs and requires “more” interconnect (highways & buses)-more delays (lowering speed) and heat.

What makes a FIFO design safe and reliable?

Safe and reliable FIFO designs always avoid both extreme conditions. A new asynchronous FIFO design is presented here. The concept of using pointer difference for determining the FIFO status is already used in synchronous FIFO designs. [3]. Here same concept is extended to asynchronous FIFO.

What is the general block diagram of asynchronous FIFO?

The general block diagram of asynchronous FIFO is shown in Figure (1). Functionality wise mainly we can distinguish four blocks in this diagram. They are: dual port RAM, read pointer logic, write pointer logic and synchronizer. Dual port RAM has two ports-one is for reading and the other one is for writing operation.

How to use flip-flops in digital VLSI designs?

When using flip-flops in digital VLSI designs, we must consider the following: Setup time: the input to a flip-flop should be stable for a certain amount of time (the setup time) before the clock transitions; otherwise, the flip-flop will behave in an unstable manner, referred to as metastability.