What is chloride profile?

Chloride profiles measured on cores extracted from the Miraflores upper and lower chambers. The chloride profiles obtained from the cores have been fitted to Fick’s second law equation to obtain the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient, Dap, and the chloride concentration of the maximum Cs (in \% of dry sample mass).

Why do we conduct chloride profile test?

The aim of the chloride testing is to establish the level of chlorides within the concrete structure, either as an overall level or, via the taking of incremental samples, as a profile through the depth of the structure.

What is the function of chloride in the blood?

Chloride is one of the most important electrolytes in the blood. It helps keep the amount of fluid inside and outside of your cells in balance. It also helps maintain proper blood volume, blood pressure, and pH of your body fluids.

What is chloride ion testing concrete?

Chlorides are generally present in all concrete making materials to some degree. Chloride testing of individual ingredients, particularly cementitious materials, is most often based on determination of the chloride ion content after the sample is digested in acid; therefore referred to as the “acid-soluble” chloride.

What could high content of chloride impose or affect to the boiler?

Chlorine can contribute to corrosion of boiler tubes. The extent of corrosion depends on the amount of slag formation. Sulfur in the coal tends to reduce the corroding effect of chlorine. Corrosion will be more severe in areas of the boiler with reducing flue gas conditions.

What is chloride migration test?

Chloride migration tests were developed to obtain the chloride diffusion coefficient in a much shorter test period compared to natural diffusion tests, by accelerating the chloride ingress rate with the applied electrical field.

How do you perform a chloride test?

The test for chloride ions described here is based on precipitation of an insoluble chloride salt. When a few drops of a silver nitrate solution are added to a slightly acidic aqueous solution that contains chloride ions, a white precipitate of silver chloride will form.

What does a chloride level of 110 mean?

High chloride levels (>106-110 mEq/L) are known as hyperchloremia. Long-term or severe hyperchloremia can have the following symptoms from dehydration and metabolic acidosis (low blood pH) [1, 2]: Diarrhea.

What does a chloride level of 106 mean?

Chloride levels above 106 could point to kidney problems, such as renal tubular acidosis (when your kidneys aren’t removing enough acids from your blood and into your urine). Low levels have several other possible causes, including common, temporary problems such as vomiting and dehydration.

How is chloride measured in concrete?

The amount of free chloride can be measured by the “equilibrium method”. In this method, concrete samples are stored in a solution of known chloride concentration until equilibrium is reached between the external solution and the concrete pore solution.

What is chloride threshold?

The chloride threshold, also often referred to as the critical chloride content, is the concentration of chloride in concrete required to break down the passive layer (i.e., depassivate) of the reinforcement that may lead to corrosion initiation.

How do I lower the chloride in my boiler water?

Formation of chloride ions can be done by controlling the amount and time of boiler blow down. Standard value of chloride ion is less than 300 mg Cl/l. When calcium phosphates is formed it precipitates on the water surface and can be easily removed by blow down.