What are the two different coenzymes in our cells that accept transport and transfer electrons and their associated hydrogen ions?

NAD+ and FAD are coenzymes, organic molecules that serve as helpers during enzyme-catalyzed reactions, and they receive electrons and protons as part of these reactions.

What coenzyme is used in the electron transport chain?

The electron transport chain is initiated by the reaction of an organic metabolite (intermediate in metabolic reactions) with the coenzyme NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is an oxidation reaction where 2 hydrogen atoms (or 2 hydrogen ions and 2 electrons) are removed from the organic metabolite.

What reduced coenzymes carry electrons to the electron transport chain?

The inner mitochondrial membrane transports electrons from the coenzyme NADH to an electron acceptor, ultimately yielding adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Where does the H in NADH come from?

In each of the enzymatic reactions, NAD+ accepts two electrons and a H+ from ethanol to form NADH.

What happens to the hydrogens carried by NAD+ and FAD?

FAD can accommodate two hydrogens whereas NAD accepts just one hydrogen. In NAD, a single hydrogen and an electron pair is transferred, and the second hydrogen is freed into the medium.

What happens when NAD+ is oxidized?

The cofactor is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons.

What is oxidized and reduced in electron transport chain?

In complex I, electrons are passed from NADH to the electron transport chain, where they flow through the remaining complexes. NADH is oxidized to NAD in this process. When electrons arrive at complex IV, they are transferred to a molecule of oxygen. Since the oxygen gains electrons, it is reduced to water.

Is coenzyme A an electron carrier?

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) and cytochrome c (Cyt c) are mobile electron carriers in the ETC, and O2 is the final electron recipient. The malate and glycerol 3-P shuttles regenerate cytoplasmic NAD+ for glycolysis, and deliver reducing equivalents to the mitochondrial ETC.

What are the 2 coenzymes in cellular respiration?

Coenzymes= NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide), CoA (coenzyme A)

Why is NAD a coenzyme?

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is one of the most important coenzymes in the cell. Not surprisingly, NAD and the closely related NADP are the two most abundant cofactors in eukaryotic cell. The NAD coenzyme acts as a hydrogen acceptor in oxidation-reduction reactions.

Is NADH and NADH2 same?

Explanation: The proper reduced NAD+ is NADH (it accepts two electrons and one proton), but sometimes NADH2 is used to account for that second hydrogen that gets removed from the substrate being oxidized. The notation: “NADH+H+” is more correct and is also sometimes used.

Are FAD and NAD coenzymes?

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) and Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) are coenzymes involved in reversible oxidation and reduction reactions. Then, these reduced coenzymes can donate these electrons to some other biochemical reaction normally involved in a process that is anabolic (like the synthesis of ATP).