What are the different types of enzymes involved in DNA replication?

Enzymes involved in DNA replication are:

• Helicase (unwinds the DNA double helix)
• Gyrase (relieves the buildup of torque during unwinding)
• Primase (lays down RNA primers)
• DNA polymerase III (main DNA synthesis enzyme)
• DNA polymerase I (replaces RNA primers with DNA)
• Ligase (fills in the gaps)

How is DNA replication different in prokaryotes?

In prokaryotic cells, there is only one point of origin, replication occurs in two opposing directions at the same time, and takes place in the cell cytoplasm. Lastly, the short replication in prokaryotes occurs almost continuously, but eukaryotic cells only undergo DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle.

How many enzymes are there in DNA replication?

5.4 Summary. DNA replication requires the action of three main enzymes each with their own specific role: Helicase unzips and unwinds the DNA molecule. DNA polymerase creates a new complementary strand of DNA on each of the originals halves that were separated by helicase.

What is one enzyme that is involved with DNA replication?

DNA polymerase
The central enzyme involved is DNA polymerase, which catalyzes the joining of deoxyribonucleoside 5′-triphosphates (dNTPs) to form the growing DNA chain. However, DNA replication is much more complex than a single enzymatic reaction.

How is DNA replication different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes quizlet?

How does DNA replication differ in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? In most prokaryotic cells, replication starts from a single point, and it continues in two directions until the whole chromosome is copied. In eukaryotic cells, replication may begin in hundreds of places on the DNA molecule.

What enzyme is responsible for adding new nucleotides to a growing DNA chain during replication?

enzyme DNA polymerase
One of the key molecules in DNA replication is the enzyme DNA polymerase. DNA polymerases are responsible for synthesizing DNA: they add nucleotides one by one to the growing DNA chain, incorporating only those that are complementary to the template.

Which of the following enzymes are not involved in DNA replication?

RNA polymerase transcribes molecules of RNA from DNA sequences during transcription, and is not involved in DNA replication.

What enzymes are involved in DNA replication and what do they do quizlet?

Terms in this set (7)

• Helicase. Breaks or melts the hydrogen bonds that hold the two halves of the double helix together.
• Topoisomerase. Breaks and reseals the DNA backbone to allow the backbone to release tension caused by twisting.
• Primase.
• DNA Polymerase.
• DNA Polymerase III.
• DNA Polymerase I.
• DNA Ligase.

What polymerase enzymes are responsible for DNA synthesis during eukaryotic replication?

Eukaryotic cells contain five DNA polymerases: α, β, γ, δ, and ε. Polymerase γ is located in mitochondria and is responsible for replication of mitochondrial DNA. The other four enzymes are located in the nucleus and are therefore candidates for involvement in nuclear DNA replication.

How is DNA replication similar and different in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA undergo replication by the enzyme DNA polymerase. The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA is that prokaryotic DNA is found in the cytoplasm whereas eukaryotic DNA is packed into the nucleus of the cell.

What enzyme opens the DNA helix?

DNA helicase
The DNA helix is opened by a DNA polymerase molecule clamped on the leading strand, acting in concert with one or more DNA helicase molecules running along the strands in front of it. Helix opening is aided by cooperatively bound molecules of single-strand DNA-binding protein.

What enzyme brings in DNA nucleotides?

RNA Polymerase II (RNA Pol II) is the enzyme that adds nucleotides to a new DNA chain produced during transcription. It is recruited to the transcription start site of a gene by a cluster of transcription factors that bind the TATA box, which is a sequence of nucleotides near the starting line of the gene.

What are the five steps of DNA replication?

During DNA replication, the two parental strands separate and each acts as a template to direct the enzyme catalysed synthesis of a new complementary daughter strand following the normal base pairing rule. Three basic steps involved in DNA replication are Initiation, elongation and termination.

What are the steps involved in DNA replication?

Replication occurs in three major steps: the opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands, the priming of the template strand, and the assembly of the new DNA segment. During separation, the two strands of the DNA double helix uncoil at a specific location called the origin.

What is the last step in DNA replication?

The last step in DNA replication is the putting together the Okazaki fragments so they are one seamless piece. This involves using an enzyme called DNA ligase . DNA ligase glues together the pieces of DNA to make one long molecule. The DNA can now be recoiled so that it will fit inside the cell.

What is needed for DNA replication?

Proteins of DNA Replication. DNA exists in the nucleus as a condensed, compact structure. To prepare DNA for replication, a series of proteins aid in the unwinding and separation of the double-stranded DNA molecule. These proteins are required because DNA must be single-stranded before replication can proceed.