Is media independent in Pakistan?

Freedom of the press in Pakistan is legally protected by the law of Pakistan as stated in its constitutional amendments, while the sovereignty, national integrity, and moral principles are generally protected by the specified media law, Freedom of Information Ordinance 2002 and Code of Conduct Rules 2010.

Who controls the media in Pakistan?

Majority of media in Pakistan is privately owned. Pakistan has around 300 privately owned daily newspapers. According to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (formerly the Federal Bureau of Statistics), they had a combined daily sale of 6.1 million copies in 2009.

What is Article 19 of Constitution of Pakistan?

Article 19: Freedom of speech, etc. Article 19 of the Constitution talks about the freedom of speech, freedom of expression and freedom of the press. Every citizen of Pakistan has the right to hold opinions, the right to express them, and the right to speech. Article 19-A of the Constitution protects this right.

Do the press laws restrict the freedom of press?

Freedom of the press in India is legally protected by the Amendment to the constitution of India, while the sovereignty, national integrity, and moral principles are generally protected by the law of India to maintain a hybrid legal system for independent journalism.

Who owns the news Pakistan?

The News International

What is Article 12 Pakistan?

Article 12: Protection against retrospective punishment for an offence by a penalty greater than, or of a kind different from, the penalty prescribed by law for that offence at the time the offence was committed.

What are the constitutional restrictions on media?

It is an absence of statutory and administrative control on dissemination of information, ideas, knowledge and thoughts. The freedom of the press and of expression is guarded by the First Amendment to the US Constitution which specifically lays down that this freedom be in no way abridge by the laws.

What is the cause of fake news in India?

According to a report by The Guardian, the Indian media research agency CMS stated that the cause of spread of fake news was that India “lacked (a) media policy for verification”. Additionally, law enforcement officers have arrested reporters and journalists for “creating fictitious articles”, especially when the articles were controversial.

What is fake news and how is it spread?

Fake news, also known as junk news or pseudo-news, is a type of yellow journalism or propaganda that consists of deliberate disinformation or hoaxes spread via traditional news media (print and broadcast) or online social media. The false information is often caused by reporters paying sources for stories,…

Can fake news websites be prosecuted for libel?

The use of anonymously-hosted fake news websites has made it difficult to prosecute sources of fake news for libel. In some definitions, fake news includes satirical articles misinterpreted as genuine, and articles that employ sensationalist or clickbait headlines that are not supported in the text.

What is the relevance of fake news in post-truth politics?

The relevance of fake news has increased in post-truth politics. For media outlets, the ability to attract viewers to their websites is necessary to generate online advertising revenue.