How does the nitration of phenol with dilute nitric acid differ from nitration of phenol with concentrated nitric acid in the presence of Sulphuric acid?

The reaction of phenol with nitric acid is a mono-nitration reaction i.e. Only one hydrogen atom gets replaced per molecule of phenol. The reaction of phenol with concentrated nitric acid in the presence of sulphuric acid, however, is a tri-nitration reaction. …

What happens when phenol reacts with fuming nitric acid What type of reaction is this?

With dilute nitric acid: Phenol reacts with dilute nitric acid at room temperature to give a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol. With concentrated nitric acid: With concentrated nitric acid, more nitro groups substitute around the ring to give 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (common name: picric acid).

When phenol is treated with HNO3 h2so4 ortho and para nitro benzene is formed how they are separated from each other *?

Phenols upon treatment with dilute nitric acid undergo nitration at low temperature (298 K) to give a mixture of ortho and para nitrophenols. The mixture formed is further separated into ortho and para nitrophenols by steam distillation on the basis of their volatility.

Why is nitration of phenol dilute with HNO3?

(i)- With dilute nitric acid: When dilute nitric acid at 293 K is used, phenols give mononitrophenols i.e., a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol. Nitro molecule (NO2) is an electrophile. The nitro group is attached to the phenol by removing the hydrogen atom.

What is the role of Sulphuric acid in the nitration of phenol?

In the protonation of nitric acid by sulfuric acid, the source of the nitronium ion induces the removal of a water molecule and the creation of a nitronium ion. The first step in benzene nitration is to activate HNO3 with sulfuric acid to create a nitronium ion, a stronger electrophile.

What happens when phenol reacts with concentrated nitric acid?

If phenol is treated with concentrated nitric acid then picric acid is formed.

What happens when phenol reacts with Sulphuric acid?

When phenol reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid, Phenol reacts with sulfuric acid giving substituted phenols. H2SO4 gives a mixture of o- and p- products and then at room temperature o- product is more stable, which on treatment with conc. HNO3 will yield o-nitrophenol.

Which product is obtained when phenol is treated with concentrated nitric acid and Sulphuric acid?

When phenol is treated separately with a mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol ( also known as picric acid) is obtained.

What is the major product when phenol reacts with dilute HNO3?

o-nitron p-nitrophenol
When phenol is treated with dilute nitric acid at room temper ed with dilute nitric acid at room temperature a mixture of o-nitron p-nitrophenol is obtained and o-nitrophenol is major product.

What is the role of nitric acid and sulfuric acid in the process of nitration?

Sulfuric acid is needed in order for a good electrophile to form. Sulfuric acid protonates nitric acid to form the nitronium ion (water molecule is lost). The nitronium ion is a very good electrophile and is open to attack by benzene. Without sulfuric acid the reaction would not occur.

When phenol react with concentrated nitric acid in the presence of concentrated Sulphuric acid formed?

And then the product benzene ortho hydroxy sulfuric acid reacts with concentrated nitric acid, Phenol on reaction with conc. H2SO4 gives a mixture of o- and p- products and then at room temperature o- product is more stable, which on treatment with conc. HNO3 will yield o-nitrophenol.

What is the reaction of phenol with nitric acid?

The reaction of phenol with nitric acid is a mono-nitration reaction i.e. Only one hydrogen atom gets replaced per molecule of phenol. The products formed are o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol.

What is the percentage of ortho-nitrophenol in phenol?

Optimize return on investment for marketing spend, guided by experts from MIT. Nitration of phenol with dilute nitric acid give the mixture of ortho-nitrophenol and para-nitrophenol. But the major product is ortho-nitrophenol (30\%–40\%).

What is the product of HNO3 + benzene ring + nitric acid?

But the major product is ortho-nitrophenol (30\%–40\%). Since it is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. In which Nitric acid (HNO3) is an electrophile and benzene ring is an nucleophile. Answer would be ortho-nitro phenol due to intramolecular H-bonding.

What is the reaction between phenol and bromine?

For example, as you will find below, phenol will react with a solution of bromine in water (bromine water) in the cold and in the absence of any catalyst. It also reacts with dilute nitric acid, whereas benzene itself needs a nitrating mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid.