How do you extract DNA phage?

The best methods to obtain the maximum yield of DNA were precipitation of phage with ultracentrifugation or acetone precipitation followed by extraction by commercial kit, potassium iodide or sodium iodide extraction.

Where is the DNA in a phage?

Double-stranded DNA bacteriophages package their genome at high pressure inside a procapsid through the portal, an oligomeric ring protein located at a unique capsid vertex. Once the DNA has been packaged, the tail components assemble on the portal to render the mature infective virion.

Do phages have DNA?

Bacteriophages are composed of proteins that encapsulate a DNA or RNA genome, and may have structures that are either simple or elaborate. Their genomes may encode as few as four genes (e.g. MS2) and as many as hundreds of genes.

How is phage DNA replicated?

DNA replication is completed by the synthesis of the complementary strand of the single-stranded molecule. For the phages with single-stranded circular DNA genomes, e.g. φX174, M13 and fd, this ‘completion-step’ is the conversion of the viral or (+)-strand to the double-stranded ‘replicative form’ (RF).

How are phages isolated?

The isolation of bacteriophages for phage therapy is often presented as a fairly straightforward exercise of mixing a phage-containing sample with host bacteria, followed by a simple removal of bacterial debris by filtration and/or centrifugation the next day [1,2,3].

How do you make phages?

To produce phages, first scientists have to grow a large quantity of bacteria that is the natural host of the phage. The bacteria is then infected with the phages, and the phages in turn reproduce and kill all the bacteria.

Do phages have single-stranded DNA?

Bacteriophage ΦX174 is a small icosahedral virus that contains a single-stranded, closed circular DNA molecule with 5,386 nucleotide bases (for a recent review, see ref. 1). Of the 11 gene products, four (J, F, G and H) participate in the structure of the virion.

What is the meaning of genomic DNA?

Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid is chromosomal DNA, in contrast to extra-chromosomal DNAs like plasmids. It is also then abbreviated as gDNA. The genome of an organism (encoded by the genomic DNA) is the (biological) information of heredity which is passed from one generation of organism to the next.

Is phage DNA single-stranded?

Is phage DNA linear or circular?

Phages genomes are a single- or double-stranded, linear or circular, DNA or RNA molecule, except cystoviruses, which have a genome of three molecules of linear double-stranded RNA.

What are the 5 steps of bacteriophage replication?

These stages include attachment, penetration, uncoating, biosynthesis, maturation, and release. Bacteriophages have a lytic or lysogenic cycle.

How does T4 phage replicate?

Bacteriophage T4 initiates DNA replication from specialized structures that form in its genome. Immediately after infection, RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) occur on (at least some) replication origins, with the annealed RNA serving as a primer for leading-strand synthesis in one direction.