Does DNA have hydroxyl groups?

Structure and Terminology of Nucleic Acids. The structure of DNA differs from RNA only because the DNA molecule does not have a hydroxyl group on the 2′ carbon atom of the sugar ring. The missing hydroxyl group keeps DNA from being hydrolyzed, making it more stable than the ribose sugar of RNA.

Where is the hydroxyl group in DNA?

While DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose, characterised by the presence of the 2′-hydroxyl group on the pentose ring (Figure 5).

What amine groups are found in DNA?

Adenine, guanine, and cytosine have amine ( -NH2) groups, while thymine, cytosine, and guanine have amide ( -CONH- ) groups. We see a glycoside linkage ( O-C-N- ) between the sugar and the base, and a hydroxyl group ( -OH ) and a phosphate ester ( R-O-PO2-3 ) on the sugar. Finally, we look at a DNA strand.

Which carbon of a DNA nucleotide contains the hydroxyl group?

In DNA nucleotides, the 3′ carbon of the sugar deoxyribose is attached to a hydroxyl (OH) group. In RNA nucleotides, the 2′ carbon of the sugar ribose also contains a hydroxyl group. The base is attached to the 1’carbon of the sugar. The nucleotides combine with each other to produce phosphodiester bonds.

What is the purpose of the 2 hydroxyl group in RNA?

RNA vs DNA Structure Importantly, the addition of the 2′ OH group increases melting temperature (Tm) and stability by locking an RNA duplex into a compact A-form helix that is more stable than DNA’s standard B-form helix.

Why is the OH group in DNA important?

RNA vs DNA Structure Importantly, the addition of the 2′ OH group increases melting temperature (Tm) and stability by locking an RNA duplex into a compact A-form helix that is more stable than DNA’s standard B-form helix. Figure 1. The chemical structure of an RNA oligo.

Do nucleotides have an amine group?

Each nucleotide contains three units: a sugar, an amine, and a phosphate, as shown in the figure below. But the fourth nucleotide in DNA is thymine, whereas RNA uses uracil to complete its quartet of nucleotides.

Why do nucleotides only pair with certain other nucleotides?

Each rung of the DNA ladder is actually a pair of bases that meet in the middle: a base pair. But each base is always only paired with one specific other base. This is because of their molecular structures. Each base contains one or two nitrogen rings, which makes it long or short.

Which carbon is bound to an OH group in Deoxyribose?

Both sugars have five carbon atoms arranged in a ring. In ribose, the carbon in the 2′ position is bound to a hydroxyl group (-OH). In deoxyribose, however, the 2′ carbon is bound to a simple hydrogen atom.

How do nucleotides and hydrogen affect the structure of DNA?

The nucleotides forming each DNA strand are connected by noncovalent bonds, called hydrogen bonds. Considered individually, hydrogen bonds are much weaker than a single covalent bond, such as a phosphodiester bond. But, there are so many of them that the two DNA polymers are very strongly connected to each other.

How do hydrolysis and dehydration break down polymers?

E) Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers. Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers. Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen?

What are the analogs of nucleoside and deoxynucleoside?

Nucleoside and deoxynucleoside analogues have been synthesized and found to possess antiviral or anticancer activity. These include azidothymidine (zidovudine) for HIV/AIDS, trifluridine, and 5-iodouridine for topical treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, and cytarabine which is an antileukemia agent.

Can amylase break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers?

The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the “a” form. Which of the following could amylase break down?

What is the difference between nucleotide and nucleoside?

Nucleosides —adenosine, guanosine, thymidine, and cytidine—are the terms given to the combination of base and sugar. The term nucleotide refers to the base, sugar, and phosphate group. The structure of adenosine triphosphate is shown in Figure 1.5, in which the phosphate group is attached to the 5′ carbon of the ribose.