How does femtosecond laser work?

Femtosecond (FS) laser is an infrared laser with a wavelength of 1053nm. FS laser like Nd: YAG laser works by producing photodisruption or photoionization of the optically transparent tissue such as the cornea. Reducing the pulse duration reduces the amount of collateral tissue damage.

What is femtosecond laser ablation?

The mechanism of ablation of solids by intense femtosecond laser pulses is described in an explicit analytical form. It is shown that at high intensities when the ionization of the target material is complete before the end of the pulse, the ablation mechanism is the same for both metals and dielectrics.

What is nanosecond pulsed laser?

Nanosecond lasers, sometimes referred to as nanolasers, are the most common category of q-switched pulsed lasers used today. The high peak power and short pulse widths of these lasers are ideal for a wide range of applications including LIBS, laser designation, and marking.

Why are femtosecond lasers important?

Femtosecond lasers exhibit excellent capability in performing three-dimensional processing in transparent materials, especially glass, which makes them a powerful tool for micromachining optical fibers.

What is a femtosecond used for?

The femtosecond laser is a high-energy optics technology used for eye surgeries and other medical procedures, including all-laser LASIK. During this bladeless procedure, your surgeon uses the femtosecond laser to create a flap in your cornea before altering the shape of the underlying tissue to correct your vision.

How does femtosecond spectroscopy work?

During the process, known as femtosecond spectroscopy, molecules were mixed together in a vacuum tube in which an ultrafast laser beamed two pulses. The characteristic spectra, or light patterns, from the molecules were then studied to determine the structural changes of the molecules.

What is ablation threshold energy?

The ablation threshold of the film is defined as the critical fluence (optical energy per area per pulse) which results in film removal within the irradiated spot area. If the fluence is too high significant damage can occur in the underlying insulation layer.

What is laser flux?

Laser ablation or photoablation is the process of removing material from a solid (or occasionally liquid) surface by irradiating it with a laser beam. At low laser flux, the material is heated by the absorbed laser energy and evaporates or sublimates. At high laser flux, the material is typically converted to a plasma.

What happens in a nanosecond?

A nanosecond (ns) is one billionth of a second. It is equal to 10−9 seconds. One nanosecond is equal to 1000 picoseconds. It takes a fusion reaction between 20 and 40 nanoseconds to finish in a hydrogen bomb.

What is the value of nanosecond?

A nanosecond (ns) is an SI unit of time equal to one billionth of a second, that is, 1⁄1 000 000 000 of a second, or 10−9 seconds. The term combines the prefix nano- with the basic unit for one-sixtieth of a minute. A nanosecond is equal to 1000 picoseconds or 1⁄1000 microsecond.

What is a femtosecond laser micromachining?

Femtosecond laser micromachining is an advanced technique used to fabricate two- and three-dimensional (2D/3D) structures on the sub-micrometer scale. It’s one of the most advanced methods of laser processing currently available, using femtosecond pulses of laser light to initiate material ablation in extremely accurate focal points.

What is a mode-locked laser?

It’s one of the most advanced methods of laser processing currently available, using femtosecond pulses of laser light to initiate material ablation in extremely accurate focal points. Mode-locked laser technologies are typically used to generate laser pulses with durations as short as 10 -15 sec.

What are the applications of laser micromachining?

Femtosecond laser micromachining is subsequently used in etching and drilling applications where microscale precision, low thermal deformation, and negligible generation of debris are prerequisites. Examples include automotive and consumer electronics, medical devices, wearable technologies, and more.