What are halogenated compounds?

A halogenated compound is one onto which a halogen (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine) has been attached. In addition, the more halogenated the compound (i.e., the more halogens attached to it), the more resistant it is to biodegradation.

What are halogenated organic compounds used for?

This class of compounds is extremely important in industry in the production of polymers, pesticides, and fire retardants. 1-chloro-2-bromoethane, benzyl bromide, captan, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform, iodoacetic acid, mustard gas, carbon tetrachloride.

Which halogen is used as an insecticide?

The Chemical Structure of DDTDDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is an organochlorine used as an insecticide. It is now banned in the United States because of its potential harmful effects on human health. Key: chlorine atoms: green, carbon atoms: black, hydrogen atoms: white.

What are halogenated products?

Abstract. Halogenated natural products (HNPs) are organic compounds containing bromine, chlorine, iodine, and rarely fluorine. HNPs comprise many classes of compounds, ranging in complexity from halocarbons to higher molecular weight compounds, which often contain oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms in addition to halogens.

What is halogenated hydrocarbon used for?

Halogenated hydrocarbons are widely used as chemical intermediates, solvents, and pesticides. As a result, humans may be exposed to these chemicals through the environment as well as in the workplace.

What’s the advantage of halogenated hydrocarbons?

The lower heat of combustion for halogenated hydrocarbons is thus an advantage in the technology of the present paper, not a disadvantage. Sensible heat effects are also important for design of high temperature thermal incinerators.

Why is halogenated?

Halogenated hydrocarbons are common because they are widely used as effective, yet relatively nonflammable solvents, unlike kerosene or gasoline. Halogenated hydrocarbons are also formed during the chlorination of drinking water when chlorine combines with organic material in the water.

What are halogenated organic solvents?

Halogenated solvent is an organic solvent, molecules of which contain halogenic atoms: chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F) , bromine (Br) or iodine (I).

Are pesticides halogenated?

Halogens are common functional groups in pesticides and are frequently associated with toxicity across a range of environmental contaminants (e.g., DBPs, perfluorinated compounds).

Why are halogens used as disinfectants?

Halogens. Other chemicals commonly used for disinfection are the halogens iodine, chlorine, and fluorine. Iodine works by oxidizing cellular components, including sulfur-containing amino acids, nucleotides, and fatty acids, and destabilizing the macromolecules that contain these molecules.

What is a halogenated hydrocarbon used for?

Many halogenated hydrocarbons have important commercial applications. Alkyl halides are important intermediates in synthesis, as solvents in the laboratory and industry, and as dry cleaning fluids. They also find use as anesthetics and refrigerants. For example, trichloroethene is a common dry cleaning solvent.

What is a halogenated alkane?

What is Halogenation of Alkanes? Halogenation of an alkane produces a hydrocarbon derivative in which one or more halogen atoms have been substituted for hydrogen atoms. Alkanes are notoriously unreactive compounds because they are non-polar and lack functional groups at which reactions can take place.

How can we phase out the use of halogenated compounds?

The most efficient way to phase out the use of halogenated compounds is to substitute them for alternative materials that do not require the addition of this type of substances. Textiles made purely from natural fibres like wool, silk, cotton and hemp are less flammable than mixtures with synthetic fibres like polyester and nylon.

What are halogenated hydrocarbons?

Halogenated hydrocarbons represent a large group of aromatic and aliphatic compounds with diverse industrial, agricultural, medical, and public health applications.

What are the halogens that destroy ozone?

Halogenated compounds, such as methyl chloride (CH 3 Cl), methyl bromide (CH 3 Br) and methyl iodide (CH 3 I) are a major source of halogens in the atmosphere, and subsequently form sources of reactive species capable of catalytically destroying ozone.

Are volatile organic compounds harmful to human health?

Volatile halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbons as well as organophosphorus pesticides have a variety of harmful health effects. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) esti- mates that volatile organic compounds are present in one-fifth of the nation’s water supplies.