How many link in pantograph mechanism?

It consists of four links joined in such a way to form a parallelogram ABCD in which AB = CD and AD = BC. In the figure, OAE always remains in a straight line. Pantograph consists of four turning pair. A and E will trace a similar path but of different scale.

What are the parts of a pantograph?

Pantographs are a special devices mounted on electric trains to collect current from one or several contact wires. They consist of a pantograph head, frame, base, and drive system, and their geometrical shape is variable.

How the pantograph works?

The pantograph is spring-loaded and pushes a contact shoe up against the underside of the contact wire to draw the current needed to run the train. As the train moves, the contact shoe slides along the wire and can set up standing waves in the wires which break the contact and degrade current collection.

What is the relationship between number of pairs and number of links?

The relation between number of pairs (P) forming a kinematic chain and the number of links (l) l = 2p –2.

What is a pantograph machine?

Pantograph milling machines (pantograph mills) are used to make metal parts by tracing a pattern or template. Industrial models can reliably make small, intricate parts as well as very large heavy-duty parts. The first industrial pantograph that cut metal to duplicate machined parts was invented in the 1960s.

What is pantograph ratio?

The typical range of ratio is Maximum 1:1 Minimum 50:1 (reduction) In this way machinists can neatly and accurately engrave numbers and letters onto a part. Pantographs are no longer commonly used in modern engraving, with computerized laser and rotary engraving taking favor.

How many links are there in a pantograph?

Four links. The pantograph is a four-bar mechanism used to enlarge or reduce drawings. Its basis is a parallelogram of four links with joints DFEB. Pantograph is used to produce the path traced out by a point on enlarged or reduced scale. The no. Of links in pantograph mechanism is 5 and all are turning pairs .

What is the meaning of the word pantograph?

Pantograph. A pantograph (Greek roots παντ- “all, every” and γραφ- “to write”, from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical movements in a second pen.

How many fixed points does a pantograph have?

A pantograph has one fixed point O (the “Origin”), and two special points P and Q. It has the property that Q traces an enlarged, or “scale” copy of whatever P traces. See Figure 1a.

What is the difference between a pantograph and an eidograph?

The eidograph relocates the fixed point to the center of the parallelogram and uses a narrow parallelogram to provide improved mechanical advantages. The original use of the pantograph was for copying and scaling line drawings. Modern versions are sold as toys .